Informatics Publishing Limited

Adarsh M. Kalla ¹, C. Sahu ¹, A. K. Agrawal ¹, A. Khare ¹, K. K. Choudhaury ¹, A. Shrivastava ¹, Geetesh Sinha ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Dairy Engineering, College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, RAIPUR (C.G.), IN

Abstract

A novel small scale improved butter making unit called 'Frustum Cone Shaped Butter Churn was developed with working capacity of 5 liter curd/batch. This paper deals with development of parts of churn i.e. inner and outer frustum cone, stirring tube, head and closure and insulation etc. For better insulation foamed polyethylene was used to offset the effect of ambient on temperature of curd filled inside the churn. For controlling the speed of the motor, gear and pulley arrangement with v-belt was used. The highest overrun and yield of butter were recorded to be 24.41 per cent and 1.63 kg/5l. curd at higher churning temperature of 12°C and higher churn speed of 85 rpm. However, the optimum speed of churn for good quality butter production was found to be 60 rpm at churning temperature of 10°C.

Keywords

Belt-Pulley, Butter, Curd, Churn, Foamed Polyethylene, Frustum Cone Shaped Butter Churn.

Full Text

     

P. Yadav ¹, P. Singh ², K. P. Gowd ², A. Khare ³, S. K. Paranjpe ²

Affiliations
1 All Saint College of Technology Bhopal-462031, IN
2 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN
3 Dept of Electronics and Communication, UIT, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, RGPV, Bhopal - 462031, IN

Abstract

In recent years, adaptive filtering has become one of the effective and popular approaches for the processing and analysis of the signals with noise especially of the biomedical signals. Adaptive filters permit to detect time varying potentials and to track the dynamic variations of the signals. Besides, they modify their behavior according to the input signal. Therefore, they can detect shape variations in the ensemble and thus they can obtain a better signal estimation. The aim of this paper is to study, analyze various adaptive filter algorithms and apply Mat lab to investigate their performance behaviors with two step sizes of 0.02 and 0.04. Further to remove motion artifacts from Electrocardiogram signal as an application of this concepts. At the end of this paper, a performance study has been done between these algorithms based on various step sizes. It has been found that there will be always tradeoff between step sizes and Mean square error. The Electrocardiogram signals used in this paper are from the MIT-BIH database. Elimination of noises from Electrocardiogram signal example is a classical problem.

Keywords

Adaptive Filter, Least Mean Square (LMS), Normalized Lms (NLMS), Block Lms (BLMS), Sign Lms (SLMS), Signed Regressor Lms (SRLMS), Motion Artifact.

Full Text

     

P. Yadav ¹, A. Khare ², K. Parandham Gowd ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and communication, Sarabhai Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal 462031, IN
2 Department of Electronics and communication, University Institute of Technology–RGPV, Bhopal 462031, IN
3 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN

Abstract

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the field of digital signal processing due to advances made in high speed, low cost digital integrated chips. These technologies have further stimulated ever increasing use of signal representation in digital form for purposes of transmission, measurement, control and storage. Design of digital filters especially adaptive or semi adaptive is the necessity of the hour for SAR applications. The aim of this research work is to design and evaluate the performance of 380-400 KHz Bartlett, Blackman and Chebyshev digital semi adaptive filters. XILINX and MATLAB software are used for designing of these filters. As part of practical research work these designs were translated using FPGA hardware SPARTAN-3E kit. Blackman and Chebyshev filters designed using software and hardware were tested by a sinusoidal test signal of 381 KHz along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented. These designs were optimized, analyzed, compared and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 5 MHz for 64 orders.

Keywords

Digital Filter, XILINX and MATLAB Software, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), SPARTAN-3E, DSP Chips.

Full Text

     

P. Yadav ¹, K. P. Gowd ², A. Khare ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication, All Saints College of Technology-ASCT, Bhopal, India- 462031, IN
2 AISECT University, Bhopal-Chiklod Road, Raisen, Bhopal, IN
3 Department of Electronics and Communication, UIT, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya-RGPV, Bhopal – 462031, IN

Abstract

Technologies have advanced rapidly in the design of filters to enhance effectiveness of Signal to Noise Ratio for mobile communications including SAR applications. In this research work Butter worth active band pass filter for 2 to 6 GHz was designed using XILINX and MATLAB software’s. This was optimized, analyzed and evaluated keeping the sampling frequency at 48 GHz and Kiser window for 0.5 Beta. Further to verify the simulated results hardware circuitry is also designed based on SPARTAN-3 FPGA–development kit. Asb) part of this research work 7-9 KHz Butter worth active band pass filter was designed using active components which was put into circuit, tested by passing a sinusoidal test signal along with noise and the filtered output signals are presented. Based on these experimental results conclusions have been drawn for 2 to 6 GHz filter for SAR applications. It is observed that when signals are received with heavy noise the coefficients of filters are selected in such way that the noise content can be minimized to great extent.

Keywords

Active Filter, Xilinx and Matlab Softwares, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).

Full Text

     

Y. K. Naik ¹, A. Khare ¹, P. L. Choudhary ¹, B. K. Goel ¹, A. Shrivastava ¹

Affiliations
1 College of Dairy Technology, Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur-492006, IN

Abstract

Whey Based Watermelon Beverage (WBWB) prepared by bending watermelon juice (15%), sugar (7%) and different concentration of Betel leaves distillate (0, 1, 2, 3%) into chhanna whey (78-75%). The prepared beverage has red colour, highly acceptable taste and overall acceptability. The overall acceptability of beverage improved with increase in betel leaves distillate up-to 2%. After in-bottle sterilization and cooling, the beverage was stored at refrigerated temperature. The storage study showed that there is an increasing trend in the TSS, acidity, and reducing sugar and a decreasing trend in the pH and ascorbic acid but total sugar has non significant effect during storage. The sensory quality of fresh beverage containing 2% betel leaves distillate on the preparation as well as 30 days of storage were found to be highly acceptable. Additions of 3% betel leaves distillate do not improve the mouth-feel but they extend the storage period of the product. This indicates that antimicrobial and anti-oxidant properties in essential oil of betel leaf increase the storage stability of the beverage.

Keywords

Whey, Whey Beverage, Watermelon, Betel Leaves Distillate.

Full Text